Want to learn more about our business or education packages and receive a custom quote? Our team can help you design the right package for your needs, provide business pricing or financing options, help with receiving a purchase order or preferred vendor processes, and more. Anyhow with regret, I am now going to try 123D Design and see if I like it any better.Classroom 3D printing that scales to your classroom needs As well as the more basic drawing and modelling capabilities it also has assembly. Maybe I am just a perfectionist / complainer. It is similar in scope to Trimble SketchUp and is based on Autodesk Inventor. Every Thursday is 3dthursday here at Adafruit The DIY 3D printing community has passion and dedication for making solid objects from digital models. The design portion takes up most of the space. So in the end I had to find out the name of your link, search for that name from Window => Extension Warehouse => search for “Sketchup STL” (there are 400 results that come up but luckily it turns out to be the first of them - but I had to CHECK that fact…)ĭon’t get me wrong - I have received a lot of help from this community and I am extremely grateful… but that doesn’t stop me from finding Sketchup - between moments of sublime brilliance - DEEPLY frustrating! 3D Design Tips: 123D Design Using Sketches and Lofting Lance Atkins shares this great video tutorial on breaking down how the lofting feature works in 123D Design and how to use it. Autodesk 123D latest version: A CAD and 3D Modelling Suite to Get You Started. If I download the file and run using Sketchup it fails. Fine by why waste my time with OBJ if it has bugs (?) and is less widely used.Īlso irritating is trying to install the extension. Now it turns out that STL is probably better. And the only one that overlapped with his software was OBJ. They just asked what export formats can you do. 123d-design 3D models - Sketchfab 123d-design 3D models 123d-design 3D models ready to view, buy, and download for free. Either way, nobody at the local hackspace told me about STL. If most people are using STL not OBJ, then why don’t we get STL as standard. Video Lecture & Questions for Autodesk 123D beta 9 Sketch Planes - Press - Pull Video Lecture Autodesk 123D: A Complete Course - Design Softwares - Design. So I now don’t really know WHICH version I was using when I did the export.Į.g. It took me a LONG time to work this out because the two version are not properly named with 2015 or 2016 in the title. However for some bizarre reason when I type “Sketchup” into Windows (8.1 圆4) Start Button search box the ONLY one the came up is the 2015 version. From there, Lydia will teach you advanced tools and techniques such as sketch fillet, combine/merge, loft, and sweep. It turns out the I had both Sketchup 2015 AND Sketchup 2016 on my laptop computer. If you want the truth there are just too many things about Sketchup that cause me to cuss and swear "G*d I hate sketchup!)Į.g. Users interested in Autodesk 123d design 64-bit download generally download: 123D Design 2.2 Free Design complex 3D elements from basic shapes and your own sketches or edit previously made 3D projects. 123D Design makes it easy to manipulate all kinds of shapes and create viable designs using numerous materials. I am a relatively slow learning and I value my own time, so choosing the best tools is important to get right… Step 1: Download Autodesk 123D Design Before you start, download and install Autodesk 123D Design (it’s totally free).
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There are many errors that DivFix can solve if you offer it the opportunity. Results are not 100% guaranteed with DivFix, but it’s not a bad idea trying this portable application in case you are dealing with a partially downloaded video file. Unfortunately there is no Help file with this utility. ![]() DXDiag: Click on the Start menu and select Run. 1 - 3 of 3 Posts N narmer93 Registered Joined 80 Posts Discussion Starter 1 hi i hope it's the correct place to post.i downloaded an avi movie 699 MB from a torrent. Some of the improvements added to the last versions are displaying the time of the errors, an auto-clear option to clear the listbox after finishing, a fixed I/O error 130 when stripping the index, fixed bugs in the “Cut out bad parts” option, turning on the “Keep original file” option by default for safety purposes and displaying the name and the number of errors after completing a file. Follow the steps below to learn what to do if you need to contact DivX Support about one of the errors. DivFix++ Error: Input file is not an AVI file Jump to Latest Follow Not open for further replies. One of the repairing methods used by DivFix is rebuilding the index, which can work in the case of partially downloaded files with blank spaces.Īnother solution is stripping the index, which is a good idea when you have an intact file but which doesn’t let you move around it.ĭivFix is already outdated and its last version was released in 2006. This Program allows you to preview your AVI videos which are currently downloading from ed2k, kad, bittorrent. You can even run it from an external memory device. Why should the entire file be spoiled because of some missing frames?ĭivFix can solve this problem by rebuilding or stripping the index part of the movie, which is found at the end of the file.ĭivFix is a portable application and you don’t need to install it to your computer and modify the Windows registry at all. Do you usually download movies using P2P software If yes, for sure that. ![]() Frustrated because of partially downloaded movies which cannot be played? DivFix is a multiplatform app capable of restoring corrupted AVI and DivX files by. Download DivFix plus plus for Windows for free. ![]() Stick to lighter neutral colors to help brighten up a small area. When it comes to furnishing a small studio living space, avoiding bold or dark colors is key if you want to make a small space feel bigger. Light neutral colors will make the space appear more spacious. When maximizing for space, just keep in mind that every inch counts! And if you plan on hosting one guest (or even two), a full bed which typically measures 54″ x 75″ plenty of room - though you may opt for a twin or queen depending on the space you have to spare. The sofa beds for studio apartments in this round-up are all below 100” in width to accommodate a small studio apartment size.Ī twin, full, or queen-sized pull-out bed size is more than enough. This will create a balance in the room, so you don’t have too much sofa and not enough space around it. Stick to a sleeper sofa not too much more than 2/3 the length (or not too much more) of the space you’re working with. Tips on choosing the best sofa bed for a small studio apartment… I’ve scoured all the top furniture sites for the best small sofa beds for small spaces that money can buy. If you’re looking for a stylish, comfy, good quality, budget-friendly (because we don’t like the word cheap around here) small sleeper sofa for your studio apartment, look no further. I want all of this within a reasonable budget for a working single gal (that hasn’t found her rich boyfriend to sponsor this purchase just yet). I also want the couch itself and the pull-out sofa bed to be comfortable. The aesthetic of the space is important to me, so the couch needs to be stylish. While my space is modest, it’s very important for me to have a cozy space where I can comfortably host a friend overnight if I’d like. I currently live in a 641-square-foot studio apartment in Miami, Florida. These small pull-out sofa beds for studio apartments can easily transform from a couch into an inviting guest bed without taking up too much square footage. If you’re looking for ways to maximize your studio apartment living space without compromising on style and quality, then look no further. While you of course want to choose items that are practical, you also don’t want to sacrifice comfort, style, or spend outside of your budget. ![]() Decorating a small studio apartment living area can be tricky - where space is tight, choosing the right furniture pieces to suit your space is essential. ![]() (The other games, Civic Doodle and Bracketeering, are not the best of the bunch but are perfectly playable.) Image: Jackbox Games Fibbage 3 is also a game all about, well, fibs, along with a mode called Fibbage About You where you can make up lies directly about the other players. Survive the Internet is one of the more mean-spirited games, allowing you to take quotes from your friends and add horrible context to them for laughs. Party Pack 4 has a couple of games that are fantastic when you can comfortably dunk on the other players, or lie straight to their faces. In that case, The Jackbox Party Pack 4 and The Jackbox Party Pack 7 are the clear winners. You might have a gang of good friends all ready to assemble and give Jackbox a shot. Perhaps you don’t want to have to consider a great-aunt’s conservative sensibilities, or worry about your co-worker Todd from accounting. The ones for close friends Image: Jackbox Games Both have the added benefit of being appropriate in a wide variety of scenarios, from a holiday party with extended family to a workplace gathering. both offer generous amounts of downtime for players, and anyone can pick up Quiplash or Guesspionage and have an OK time.Įither one of these two packs is a decent one to pick up and try out with friends. The point is that there’s something for everyone in these two packs, and the games tend to be low-key enough that you can pull them out at a holiday party or any old get-together and still chat with friends or eat finger foods between rounds. The Jackbox Party Pack 6 contains a trivia game with an over-the-top, silly horror theme an Among Us-style social sabotage game a word challenge catered toward linguistics nerds a stand-up comedy cruise and a game about assigning roles to your close friends and family. That’s a comedy game, a stats-guessing trivia title, and a contest where players make T-shirts out of the contestants’ terrible drawings and phrases. The Jackbox Party Pack 3 has Quiplash 2, Guesspionage, and Tee K.O. The all-rounders Image: Jackbox GamesĪ few of the packs are blessed by their sheer variety. ![]() Here are the best Jackbox Party Packs to pick up, and which ones to pass on. (For instance, the first Trivia Murder Party - in The Jackbox Party Pack 3 - is greatly improved upon by the sequel, The Jackbox Party Pack 6’s Trivia Murder Party 2.) The packs are also a pretty good deal some individual games can be purchased separately, but the cost of those transactions stacks up pretty quickly. Many of the games in later Jackbox Party Packs include sequels to popular ones from previous releases, which can make the older game collections a little redundant. Most games are for three to 10 players, but they also have an audience function that allows many additional players to join and play along, making them nice and flexible for social occasions (and livestreaming). Sometimes you’re defusing a bomb or coming up with a good joke, and sometimes you’re trying to outwit a friend or catch a hidden alien. And frankly, some are better than others. ![]() Seven have been released to date, each one stuffed with delightful social games that are easy to pick up and play, both for their cleverly designed rules and their easy accessibility across consoles, computers, and phones. The Jackbox Party Pack games are must-haves for anyone who entertains company, either in person or online. ![]() Plus, Elmedia Player PRO lets you download videos and Flash animations directly to your hard disk just by entering a URL, watch videos in full-screen, and even extract screenshots from your videos.Įven if you've managed to cobble together a solution to watch any format on your Mac, it probably involves launching a different player each time you play a different format. Yet, there are times when you'll want to play a piece of media and BOING, it won't work! That's why you need Elmedia Player PRO!Įlmedia Player PRO is the ultimate multifunctional media player for Max OS X, capable of playing a wide variety of formats! If you're familiar with iTunes (and you know you are), you'll immediately become fast friends with Elmedia Player PRO - you can manage your media library, create and manage playlists, and even create smart playlists. To note what you need and want before deciding which version to use.Mac OS X, indeed, is an amazing operating system, and the media functionality that's baked into it is leagues beyond what you would get from a stock Windows machine. Is that they offer a basic version and a Pro version, so you should be careful Try our new feature and write a detailed review about Elmedia Video Player. Read 13 user reviews and compare with similar apps on MacUpdate. One thing that is not entirely apparent on their website Download the latest version of Elmedia Video Player for Mac for free. For example, with QuickTime, you cant do much about the brightness and. If you use a MyoĪrmband to control playback such as play, pause and volume control, then youĬan continue to use it with Elmedia, as it’s fully compatible. The player was created with the shortcomings of other Mac-based media players in mind. So the most important one for me is the automatic subtitle downloading. It is a free, open-source media player that gives you all the features I desire in a media player. For videos that have subtitles, Elmedia cleanlyĭisplays them, so you can enjoy foreign films without worry. I wasn't aware of the existence of this media player, so I thought to share. Elmedia Player is a media player that will play virtually any video or audio file you throw at it, be it MP4, AVI, MOV, SWF, DAT, MKV, MP3, FLAC, M4V. Shot a moment or convert an entire video clip into screenshots so you canĮasily pick the ones you want. Just want a screen shot of a particular moment, you can do that as well. Sound, you can get that from the video file and save it as an MP3, M4A or a No need to find what you want and then move it over to the player.įeatures include the ability extract audio from a file. It has its own built-in browser, so you can search for, view and download videos all from within the app itself. With ads, Elmedia somehow has the ability to find those ads and prevent themįrom playing – meaning you can watch your favorite shows and movies ad-free. What Iįound most appealing is that if you watch online content that normally plays You can play these videos on one iOS device and watch it from another. It is also compatible with AirPlay, which means Elmedia enables you to view videos without advertising on streaming sites such as Youtube, Dailymotion, with an open online video feature integrated into the Elmedia player. Streaming from a variety of apps and it also allows you to download videos and Elmedia is one of the best multimedia players for Mac and is compliant with any audio and video formats. It also supports 4K videos without compromising quality.Įlmedia is able to cast 4K format from Macs to Chromecast Ultra, Apple TV 4K,Īnd several smart TVs like Samsung, LG and Panasonic. Synchronizing, so you never see any disconnects between moving mouths and words This universal media player for Mac offers an impressive set of features among which are syncing audio with. HD video plays smoothly without lagging, skips or sound issues.Įlmedia has built in smarts to detect and fix any issues with audio Elmedia is a versatile tool that is aimed to enhance your video playback experience. Of file formats: FLV, MP4, AVI, MOV, DAT, MKV, MP3, FLAC, M4V, Blu-ray and Manually set your location to find out what the sky looks like from anywhere in the world. So now you can see where the sun is, even at night! ![]() Allows you to view the sky underneath the horizon. Star Chart displays only the sky objects that you are interested in. Very powerful zoom function, lets you view the sky in extra detail, using intuitive finger gestures. Tap on anything in the sky and get the facts on what you are looking at, including distance and brightness. Includes the complete Messier catalogue of 110 exotic deep sky objects. Displays all 88 constellations, with constellation imagery based on the beautiful artwork by 17th century astronomer Johannes Hevelius. Using the powerful Time Shift feature, simply tap the time button and smoothly shift up to 10,000 years forward or backward in time. Fly to and explore all the planets of the solar system, their moons and the sun all rendered in beautiful 3D with state of the art visual effects. Accurately depicts all the visible stars of the northern and southern hemispheres - a total of approximately 120,000 stars! In a single app of less than 30MB, Star Chart dynamically scales its visuals and capabilities across all iOS devices to meet the high end capabilities of a retina display iPad while also running smoothly on the earliest iPhones and iPods. Alternatively, look around the sky using finger gestures – perfect for armchair astronomers! When you hold your device up to the sky, Star Chart will automatically start tracking your movements to match the sky *. Want to know where your star sign is in the sky? Star Chart will tell you all this and more. ![]() Want to know what the night sky looks like to people on the other side of the earth? Well just point your device down! Want to know what that bright star is called? Point your device* at it – you might just find out it’s a planet! Using state of the art GPS technology, an accurate 3D simulation of the visible universe, and a great deal of technical wizardry, Star Chart calculates – in real time - the current location of every star, planet and moon visible from Earth and shows you precisely where they are even in broad daylight! Look through the eyes of your iPhone or iPad* to see a high-tech window into the whole visible universe.Īll you have to do is point your AR enabled device* at the sky and Star Chart will tell you exactly what you are looking at. You can now have a virtual star chart in your pocket. *** Star Chart is now FREE! *** The top educational & augmented reality astronomy app - download and find out why over 20 million people use Star Chart! They include deities that are most appropriate for use in a D&D game, divorced from their historical context in the real world and united into pantheons that serve the needs of the game. ![]() The Celtic, Egyptian, Greek, and Norse pantheons are fantasy interpretations of historical religions from our world’s ancient times. Most clerics who choose this domain are evil NPCs, but if you want to worship a god of death, consult your Dungeon Master. As described in the Classes section, though, the Life domain is incredibly broad, and a cleric of any non-evil deity can choose it.Ī number of other deities, mostly evil ones, suggest the Death domain, which is detailed in the Dungeon Master’s Guide. Many deities in this section suggest the Life domain, particularly if they are closely associated with healing, protection, childbirth, nurturing, or fertility. Upright coin with Waukeen’s profile facing left Three lightning bolts radiating from a central point Point-down triangle containing a swirl of mistĬircle of seven stars, or nine stars encircling a flowing red mist, or a single starĬrystal ball containing many kinds of eyes Upright skeletal arm holding balanced scales White jawless skull on black or purple sunburst ![]() Sheaf of grain or a blooming rose over grain Skull surrounded by a ring of blood droplets Upright black right hand, thumb and fingers together Left hand pointing upward, outlined in fire Individual clans and kingdoms of dwarves might revere some, all, or none of these deities, and some have other gods unknown (or known by other names) to outsiders. Besides Moradin, for example, the dwarf gods include Moradin’s wife, Berronar Truesilver, and a number of other gods thought to be their children and grandchildren: Abbathor, Clangeddin Silverbeard, Dugmaren Brightmantle, Dumathoin, Gorm Gulthyn, Haela Brightaxe, Marthammor Duin, Sharindlar, Thard Harr, and Vergadain. Nonhuman races often have whole pantheons of their own. ![]() The nonhuman races of the Forgotten Realms and Greyhawk share these deities. Nonhuman DeitiesĬertain gods closely associated with nonhuman races are revered on many different worlds, though not always in the same way. At least thirty deities are widely known across the Realms, and many more are worshiped locally, by individual tribes, small cults, or certain sects of larger religious temples. The Forgotten Realmsĭozens of deities are revered, worshiped, and feared throughout the world of the Forgotten Realms. This appendix deals with one pantheon, that of the Forgotten Realms. D&D PantheonsĮach world in the D&D multiverse has its own pantheons of deities. If you’re playing a cleric or a character with the Acolyte background, decide which god your deity serves or served, and consider the deity’s suggested domains when selecting your character’s domain. Or just make a mental note of the gods who are revered in your DM’s campaign so you can invoke their names when appropriate. Or you can pick a few that your character prays to most often. From among the gods available, you can choose a single deity for your character to serve, worship, or pay lip service to. Your DM determines which gods, if any, are worshiped in his or her campaign. And a few people dedicate themselves entirely to a single god, usually serving as a priest or champion of that god’s ideals. Many people have a favorite among the gods, one whose ideals and teachings they make their own. People in the Forgotten Realms, for example, might pray to Sune for luck in love, make an offering to Waukeen before heading to the market, and pray to appease Talos when a severe storm blows in-all in the same day. Many people in the worlds of D&D worship different gods at different times and circumstances. When gods walk the world, clerics channel divine power, evil cults perform dark sacrifices in subterranean lairs, and shining paladins stand like beacons against the darkness, it’s hard to be ambivalent about the deities and deny their existence. Religion is an important part of life in the worlds of the D&D multiverse. Monstrous Compendium Vol 3: Minecraft Creatures When you are driving it, it has a lot of energy. Take an electric motor connected to a big fly-wheel. But if an external force speeds up the rotor faster than the electrical frequency, then the motor will naturally transition into regen as it converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. If the rotor is spinning slower than the electrical frequency, then the motor is operating in the usual fashion, as a motor. There is a lot of other stuff that could be written about this topic, but these are the basics. Because of the way they are designed, VFD's usually cannot put energy back into the grid. The VFD may even have an over-voltage failure when this happens, unless it has some way to dump the extra energy (for example into a load resistor). This will cause mechanical energy in the turntable to be converted into electrical energy. Because the electrical frequency is lower than the actual rotor frequency, the motor will be in regen. If the motor is turning a giant heavy turntable, for example, and the VFD needs to slow it down quickly, then the VFD will apply a frequency lower than the actual rotation of the motor. The VFD can control the frequency of the voltage applied to the motor, which means it can control the motor speed. Now lets consider a motor running from a variable frequency drive (VFD). You will be supplying power to the electrical grid instead of using the power from the grid. Now you have an induction generator rather than an induction motor. You could do this, for example, by connecting another motor (maybe a gas motor) to your electric motor, then over-drive the electric motor with the gas motor. In our example, this means you need to make the rotor spin faster than 3600 RPM. The way you put an induction motor into regeneration is to simply increase the mechanical speed of rotation higher than synchronous speed. So, basically, as you apply a load to an induction motor, it slows down a bit, and the torque increases, until the motor and load balance each other out (or maybe if the load is too much, the motor will stall). The larger the slip, the more torque the motor will produce, to a point. This speed difference, called "slip" gives rise to a current in the rotor which then generates torque. In this case, 3600 RPM would be called the "synchronous speed." Meaning that if the rotor actually was spinning at 3600 RPM, then the rotor and rotating field are in-sync.īut in normal motoring operation, the rotor spins a bit slower than 3600 RPM. If you consider a two-pole motor running on a 60 Hz system, the rotating field moves at 60 Hz * 60 sec/min = 3600 RPM. ![]() In an induction motor, the supplied voltage creates a rotating magnetic field around the rotor. ![]() If I decelerate a motor does that mean I have to mechanically stall its shaft and it will cause regeneration? What can be an example to deceleration in this context? How does such braking happen so that it causes regeneration? But the info says this regeneration will take place if a high inertia load is decelerated. I can understand first examples where a crane or an elevator is lowering a load it acts as a generator. In the rotating mass flows back through the motor to the drive. If a high inertia load is decelerated in this case, the energy stored Regeneration, as it is called, will also take place Occur if the load is giving up energy, such as when a crane orĮlevator is lowering a load, or maybe when a conveyor is transporting Is, from the load, through the motor, back to the drive. However, occasionally the energy flow will be in reverse, that Most of the time, in most applications, a variable frequency driveĬontrols the motor by supplying it with energy which then powers the Here is an info about regeneration due to braking: ![]() they see that diverse love stories are beautiful. THE BACHELORETTE 2021 FINALE DATE & TIME: The finale for Michelle Young’s season of The Bachelorette will air on Tuesday, December 21, 2021, from 8 10:01 p.m. I'm just going to lean into myself and how my mom raised me, and hopefully when people invite me into their homes on Monday night. this is hopefully the first of many Black men to be in the position I'm at now. "She has a very important voice in all this, being the first Black woman, person of color to be a lead, and. "When Rachel speaks, we listen," James previously expressed. "If the National Football League, an organization notoriously known for not standing behind their athletes of color, can come out to make a statement to condemn racism and their systemic oppression and admit they were wrong for not listening in the past, then the Bachelor franchise can most certainly follow suit," she previously said. Prior to James, Lindsay had been vocal about the show's apparent lack of diversity and asked her fellow Bachelor Nation members to speak up about the issues within the franchise. In The Bachelor franchise's 18 years on television (which spans 40 seasons), the showrunners only selected one Black lead of the show: Bachelorette Rachel Lindsay, who gave her now-husband Bryan Abasolo the first impression rose. Getty Images How Bachelor Nation Reacted to Matt James as the Bachelor Together, the dynamic duo runs ABC Food Tours, which offers children from various communities the chance to explore the city with mental and physical wellness as a priority. James is best friends with another beloved member of Bachelor Nation, Tyler Cameron. "When filming couldn't move forward as planned, we were given the benefit of time to get to know Matt and all agreed he would make a perfect Bachelor." "Matt has been on our radar since February, when producers first approached him to join Bachelor Nation, as part of Clare's season," Karey Burke, president of ABC Entertainment said in June. In summer 2020, a petition demanding the network and the show's executive producer Mike Fleiss cast more diverse contestants was created in tandem with the Black Lives Matter movement. ![]() ABC's decision to announce James as the new lead comes after the show received mass criticism for its lack of diversity-most glaringly noticeable among its leads. James attended Wake Forest University, where he was a football player and an economics major. ![]() Patayan presence along the lower Gila River persisted until the 1830s, and even intensified over time. Regular and extensive social and economic connections are apparent in pottery distributions and in stunning similarities in petroglyph iconography around Patayan and Hohokam settlements. This placed them in close proximity to contemporaneous Colonial period (AD 750–950) Hohokam communities around present-day Gila Bend. For instance, Patayan communities settled along the lower Gila River, as far upstream as the Painted Rock Mountains, as early as Patayan I. Recent research is beginning to revise our understanding of the nature of Pataya and the timing of significant cultural changes. Patayan III (1500–1900) saw the coalescence of large populations near the confluence of the Gila and Colorado Rivers and the continued movement of people up the lower Gila River. During Patayan II (1050–1500), this material culture spread outward to southern Nevada, western Arizona, and to the Salton Sea. Patayan I (AD 700–1050) witnessed the arrival of pottery-using agricultural communities along the Colorado River. The Patayan tradition is often divided into three phases. This has left surviving Patayan village sites overlooked and underappreciated. Moreover, at least as far as we know, and unlike most other late pre-contact Southwestern cultural traditions, these lowland Patayan farming communities did not create enduring works of public architecture. With residences tied so close to the floodplain, however, many of these ancestral villages have been eradicated by massive floods. Floodwater farming supported permanent villages of dozens to hundreds of people, as was witnessed among the Delta-Californian and River-Yuman speaking Kohuana, Halyikwamai, Xalychidom, Cocopah, Quechan, Mojave, and Piipaash at the time of contact with Europeans. Encampments were small and impermanent, and people did not accumulate much nonperishable material, on account of their mobile lifestyle.įor Patayan communities along major waterways such as the Gila and Colorado Rivers, settlements were quite stable and long-lived. ![]() In upland settings, Patayan communities were highly mobile and probably followed seasonal rounds, much like historical Pai groups. Another is the ephemeral nature of many remaining Patayan archaeological sites. One reason for this is the lack of research carried out in this rather remote frontier of western Arizona and southeastern California. Pataya remains one of the least-studied late pre-contact (contact with Europeans) cultural traditions in the American Southwest. This has led to considerable debate and confusion-what archaeologist Harold Colton called “the Patayan problem” 75 years ago. Nevertheless, archaeologists have long recognized regional variation, or “branches,” within the Patayan tradition based on differences in settlement patterns, ways of making a living (subsistence practices), and nuances in material culture (what people made and built). Interestingly, the spatial extent of Patayan material culture does map onto the historic distribution of the Yuman languages, which is why many believe this archaeological tradition is ancestral to historic and contemporary Yuman-speaking tribes. What makes Patayan material culture a unique archaeological pattern is a series of distinctive pottery forms and wares, specific motifs and embellishments in petroglyphs and pictographs, the creation and use of intaglios and geoglyphs, and a geographic focus on the lower Colorado River. Pataya (pah-tah-yáh) is a word of the Pai branch (Hualapai, Havasupai, Yavapai, and Paipai) of the Yuman-Cochimí language family that translates loosely as “old people.”Īs used by archaeologists, Pataya refers to a specific material culture spread throughout western Arizona, southern California, southern Nevada, and Baja California. |
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